package EmbeddedControl extends Modelica.Icons.Package; package Boundary model ADC extends Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock; parameter Real stepSize = 0.1; parameter Real scale = 1; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput u annotation( Placement(transformation(origin = {-122, 2}, extent = {{-20, -20}, {20, 20}}), iconTransformation(origin = {-120, 0}, extent = {{-20, -20}, {20, 20}}))); Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.IntegerOutput y annotation( Placement(transformation(origin = {86, -34}, extent = {{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}), iconTransformation(origin = {110, 0}, extent = {{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}))); protected discrete Integer yInt(start=0, fixed=true); algorithm yInt := integer(floor((scale*u)/stepSize+ 0.5)); equation y = yInt; annotation( Documentation(info = "

Integer analog-to-digital conversion block.

The real-valued input u is quantized to an integer code using:

y = floor((scale*u)/stepSize + 0.5)

This produces a rounded integer representation of the scaled input, intended for embedded-style control chains that operate on integer counts.

Parameters:

"), Icon(graphics = {Line(origin = {5, 10}, points = {{-61, -68}, {-35, -68}, {-35, -22}, {-21, -22}, {-21, 38}, {7, 38}, {7, 68}, {41, 68}, {41, 24}, {61, 24}, {61, 24}}, color = {255, 85, 0}, thickness = 1.25), Text(origin = {49, -50}, extent = {{-51, 50}, {51, -50}}, textString = "AD")})); end ADC; model DAC extends Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock; parameter Real stepSize = 0.1; parameter Real scale = 1; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.IntegerInput u annotation( Placement(transformation(origin = {-136, -2}, extent = {{-20, -20}, {20, 20}}), iconTransformation(origin = {-120, 0}, extent = {{-20, -20}, {20, 20}}))); Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput y annotation( Placement(transformation(origin = {126, 10}, extent = {{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}), iconTransformation(origin = {110, 0}, extent = {{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}))); equation // Convert integer DAC code back to physical Real value. y = (stepSize * scale) * u; annotation( Documentation(info = "

Integer digital-to-analog conversion block.

The integer input u is mapped back to a real-valued physical signal using:

y = (stepSize*scale)*u

When used with matching parameter values, this block acts as the inverse conversion of the ADC block.

Parameters:

"), Diagram(graphics), Icon(graphics = {Line(origin = {5, 10}, points = {{-61, -68}, {-35, -68}, {-35, -22}, {-21, -22}, {-21, 38}, {7, 38}, {7, 68}, {41, 68}, {41, 24}, {61, 24}, {61, 24}}, color = {0, 0, 127}, thickness = 1.25, smooth = Smooth.Bezier), Text(origin = {49, -50}, extent = {{-51, 50}, {51, -50}}, textString = "DA")})); end DAC; extends Modelica.Icons.Package; annotation( Icon(graphics = {Line(origin = {-48.92, -4.33}, points = {{-35.0829, -47.6744}, {-17.0829, 18.3256}, {-3.08288, -9.6744}, {10.9171, 48.3256}, {34.9171, 14.3256}, {34.9171, 14.3256}}, color = {0, 0, 127}, thickness = 1.5, smooth = Smooth.Bezier), Line( points = {{0, 81}, {0, -81}}, pattern = LinePattern.Dash, thickness = 2.75), Line(origin = {54, -10}, points = {{-36, -42}, {-36, -20}, {-30, -20}, {-30, -10}, {-20, -10}, {-20, 10}, {-6, 10}, {-6, 4}, {6, 4}, {6, 42}, {28, 42}, {28, 18}, {36, 18}, {36, 6}, {36, 6}}, color = {255, 85, 0}, thickness = 1.5)})); end Boundary; package Math extends Modelica.Icons.Package; model DDifference extends EmbeddedControl.icons.discreteIntegerSISO; discrete Integer x(start=0, fixed=true) "Initial or guess value of state"; protected discrete Integer y_internal(start=0, fixed=true); algorithm x := u; if x <> pre(x) then y_internal := x - pre(x); else y_internal := pre(y_internal); end if; equation y = y_internal; annotation( Documentation(info = "

Discrete integer difference block.

Whenever the integer input changes, the block outputs the increment between the current and previous sample:

y = u[k] - u[k-1]

This is a raw discrete difference, not a time-scaled derivative. If a discrete-time derivative is required, include the factor 1/Ts in a downstream gain or in the controller gain.

The output updates only when u changes.

"), Diagram(graphics), Icon(graphics = {Text(textColor = {156, 156, 156}, extent = {{-30, 14}, {86, 60}}, textString = "DT1"), Line(points = {{-90, -80}, {82, -80}}, color = {156, 156, 156}), Line(points = {{-80, 78}, {-80, -90}}, color = {156, 156, 156}), Polygon(lineColor = {156, 156, 156}, fillColor = {156, 156, 156}, fillPattern = FillPattern.Solid, points = {{-80, 90}, {-88, 68}, {-72, 68}, {-80, 90}}), Polygon(lineColor = {156, 156, 156}, fillColor = {156, 156, 156}, fillPattern = FillPattern.Solid, points = {{90, -80}, {68, -72}, {68, -88}, {90, -80}}), Line(origin = {-9, -4}, points = {{-63, 66}, {-63, 40}, {-53, 40}, {-53, -20}, {-39, -20}, {-39, -54}, {3, -54}, {3, -66}, {63, -66}, {63, -66}}, color = {255, 85, 0}, thickness = 0.5)})); end DDifference; annotation( Icon(graphics = {Line(origin = {-0.95, 0.62}, points = {{-75.0496, -68.6246}, {-61.0496, 1.37545}, {-29.0496, 69.3754}, {-5.04956, 1.37545}, {20.9504, -64.6246}, {50.9504, -2.62455}, {74.9504, 65.3754}, {74.9504, 65.3754}}, color = {255, 85, 0}, thickness = 2, smooth = Smooth.Bezier)})); end Math; model icons extends Modelica.Icons.IconsPackage; model discreteIntegerSISO extends Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.IntegerInput u annotation( Placement(transformation(origin = {-194, 2}, extent = {{-20, -20}, {20, 20}}), iconTransformation(origin = {-120, 0}, extent = {{-20, -20}, {20, 20}}))); Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.IntegerOutput y annotation( Placement(transformation(origin = {128, 0}, extent = {{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}), iconTransformation(origin = {110, 0}, extent = {{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}))); equation end discreteIntegerSISO; equation end icons; annotation( Icon(graphics = {Text(origin = {1, 1}, textColor = {255, 170, 0}, extent = {{-99, 99}, {99, -99}}, textString = "EC", textStyle = {TextStyle.Bold})}), uses(Modelica(version = "4.1.0"))); end EmbeddedControl;